(Compare: "The researchers discuss the positive impact of student-teacher relationships" versus "The researchers showed that strong relationships between students and teachers were associated with better learning and behavior outcomes for students.") It should provide the source's specific conclusions or findings. The summary of the source should not just describe what the article is about.This statement can prepare readers to interpret the source author's thesis, conclusions, or findings more easily. Consider launching the annotation with a statement that describes the source author's purpose.It may also state how the source helped shape your argument and/or how it changed your view on the topic.Ĭheck with your instructor on the kinds of information they want your annotations to include. The reflection-This type of annotation states how the source informed (or did not inform) your research. It may also state why/how the article is useful or interesting and who it would be useful for (someone new to the topic, someone knowledgeable about the topic, graduate students or professional, undergraduates, etc). The evaluation-This type of annotation examines the source’s strengths and weaknesses. The summary often begins by describing the source's purpose, then describes the method the source author(s) used in their argument or study, and ends with providing the main finding(s) or conclusion(s). The summary-This type of annotation provides a summary of the source. There are three main types of annotations, and the different kinds of information can be combined, such as the summary and evaluation or evaluation and reflection, etc. Reading annotated bibliographies is a great way to see if specific sources are useful. When you are researching a topic, browsing through another writer's annotated bibliography can help guide your research. Composing annotations also helps you look at your sources more carefully and critically. Writing an annotated bibliography gives a researcher a way to organize their sources as well as aiding other researchers interested in the same topic. Why write or use annotated bibliographies? Also, check with your professor on the length of each annotation. Note: Always check with your professor to see exactly what they want included in your annotations. They can sometimes be organized by subject, but the entries in every group should be listed in alphabetical order.įor each source, provide the bibliographic citation (the citation as it would appear in a Works Cited or References page) in your chosen citation style. The sources are typically listed in alphabetical order. The second paragraph provides an analysis or evaluation of the source, taking into consideration the validity, audience, holes in the argument, etc. Generally, the first paragraph of the annotation provides a summary of the source in direct, clear terms. An annotation is a one or two paragraph summary and/or analysis of an article, book, or other source. The focus is on description and evaluation.An annotated bibliography is a list of sources on a single topic, with an annotation provided for each source. Each entry might also include: the disciplinary or professional context of the source the probable audience the source is aimed at a brief evaluation of the source or a reflection of how the source fits in with your research. Evaluative annotations can help you learn about your topic, develop a thesis statement, decide if a specific source will be useful for your assignment, and determine if there is enough valid information available to complete your project. The focus is on description.Īn evaluative annotation includes a summary as listed above but also critically assesses the work for accuracy, relevance, and quality. An annotated bibliography can be part of a larger research project or it can be a stand-alone report in itself.Ī summary annotation describes the source by answering the following questions: who wrote the document, what the document discusses, when and where was the document written, why was the document produced, and how was it provided to the public. An annotation is a short summary and/or critical evaluation of a source. The annotated bibliography looks like a Reference page but includes an annotation after each source cited. An annotated bibliography is a list of citations for various books, articles, and other sources on a topic.
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